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Droughtmaster Cattle reach sexual maturity early and most heifers are bred around 14 months of age. That effort gave rise to Droughtmaster cattle. Looks like youll be breaking up frozen waterers this season instead of whatever else youd planned. [6]:721[5], From 1969, five Droughtmaster bulls were used for cross-breeding with the local Bhagnari in the Baluchistan province of Pakistan, leading to the creation of the Nari Droughtmaster. Sign up to our regular newsletter and access news from across the Global AG Media network. The tick almost decimated the northern herds, which were almost exclusively long haired British breeds. The Zebu with their natural resistance to parasites were seen as the best solution, and through careful selection the Droughtmaster retained this natural resistance. adElem.style.height = ''; For one, the breed is parasite-resistant, meaning the breeders effectively addressed the threats of cattle ticks on a herdlow birth weights, loss of condition, tick worry, decreased milk production and even transmission of the potentially fatal Tick Fever. It was developed by several cattleman in North Queensland, Australia. The Santa Gertrudis breed of cattle, named for the Spanish land grant where Captain Richard King first established the King Ranch, were developed to thrive, prosper and gain weight on the native grasses of the South Texas brush country. It was actually developed from crossing Brahman and British cattle breeds (especially the Beef Shorthorn) during the early 1900s. Review full breed profile of the Droughtmaster cattle in the following chart. This cattle breed is higher in weight and have very good fertility. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Medium to large breed that is parasite resistant and yield could carcass weights for good quality beef. "Long Bottom" Lot 98 "Put some Sugr in your bloodlines" Coastal . So its no wonder that, after decades of popularity in Australia, the breed is becoming more common in countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, South America, the Middle East and the Pacific Islands. They have an extended dewlap. Speckle Park & Angus x Heifers springing. Adapting is what farmers do, and its what cattle farmers in the Southern Hemisphere did nearly a century ago when they needed a breed that could contend with severe drought conditions. Joining Droughtmaster bulls with British bred or European cows is a common practice amongst commercial cattlemen seeking to increase calving ease, milk production, parasite resistance, bloat resistance and / or tolerance to harsh seasons. Most meat Cattle will have a skin by-product, and these are usually used in some form or just as a hide. With equal parts of Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus blood, the Droughtmaster provides the opportunity to crossbreed without causing a dramatic change to either the visual appearance (phenotype) or to the genotype of the progeny a major benefit without changing your breed completely. } The constant evolution of the breed is seeing it flourish across the world whilst meeting the demanding standards of Australian producers and supply chain. Whats more, Droughtmaster cattle also display resistance to internal parasites, eliminating the need for expensive vaccines, cumbersome. The pioneer breeders spent a lot of time (in some cases a lifetime) in culling and selecting breeding stock and were very particular with regard to temperament. Other British breeds, mainly Hereford, were later used. The progeny resulting from this crossbreeding, have a significant economic advantage through their inheritance of Droughtmaster traits (in addition to the expected heterosis): Calving Ease Adaptation Longevity Reduced eye problems Bloat resistance Mothering ability Milking ability, High-growth sires can be used successfully over Droughtmaster females, due to generations of Droughtmaster breeders constantly selecting for: Low birth weight Calf shape Pelvic structure. The Droughtmasters' superior adaptation comes principally from traits of heat tolerance, insect resistance, a short-hairedcoat, ease of calving and digestive efficiency. About The Weekend. A significant advantage over the handling, vaccinating and supplementing requirements of many British and Euro breeds. A slow metabolism helps Droughtmaster Cattle to stay cool as well, and they can digest food other cattle cannot! World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds. Cattle were weighed 26.02.2023. They are excellent mothers and have great maternal instincts. Brangus Cattle. They have good immune responses to internal and external parasites. A low maintenance digestive system, unique to Bos indicus derived breeds, contributes to the Droughtmaster's reputation for highly efficient feed conversion, which provides a large economic advantage. That lower metabolic rate helps the animal produce less heat, keeping things cool even as temperatures start to increase. They are relatively quiet in temperament. Droughtmaster Cattle need little care. Their docility and calmness keep their meat color good and the PH levels acceptable. Their short, sleek coats may be pale golden red to deep cherry red! The severe drought still raged in 1926, when one R L (Monty) Atkinson set himself to the task of creating a tropical breed that yielded meat more like British cattle. They have long powerful legs and a small heart-shaped face. They are relatively quiet in temperament. On poor graze, Droughtmaster Cattle produce remarkably good muscling. Drying off period for around 60 days before she can calve again. In the 1970s, Droughtmaster Cattle were exported globally and met with accolades. window.onscroll = function () {
Global Ag Media provides a knowledge sharing platform offering premium news, analysis and information resources for the global agriculture industry. With the arrival of cattle ticks into North . The breed has also exported to South-East Asia and as well as to Pakistan, Nigeria and a number of South Pacific islands. In 1910, something of a breakthrough appeared in Australias attempts to breed cattle that could thrive on the countrys land. Droughtmasters exhibit medium to slightly late maturity in carcass development. var _footer = document.querySelector("#colophon"); adElem.style.visibility = 'hidden'; The Droughtmaster has inherited a digestive system, which combined with excellent walking and foraging abilities, allows Droughtmasters to continue growing and breeding in spite of low nutrient levels. Cows rarely have twins or triplets, but it can happen. This is a major economic factor, because when the body temperature rises, so too does the stress level with its associated waste of energy reserves, increased water consumption and reduced feed intake. LONGEVITYDroughtmaster females mature quite early and it is not uncommon to see them joined at 14 months. The red pigmentation in Droughtmasters is reputed to protect the cattle from the harmful rays of the sun, thus reducing the incidence of eye disorders and photo-sensitization. Droughtmaster are not bloat prone due to their small first stomach and ability to absorb nitrogen. The red pigmentation in the Droughtmaster cattle breeds skin is what helps to protect them against cancer eye, sunburnt udders, and photosensitization. Further, excellent milking ability, low nutritional requirements and strong walking and foraging ability combine to make Droughtmaster an outstanding performer. var width = window.innerWidth; PHONE LIAM LYONS 0417 972 164 liamlyons@bigpond.com AUGUST 2020. Although they are available in polled and horned varieties, most are polled, especially the studs. adElem.style.zIndex = ''; Droughtmasters have good walking and foraging abilities, coupled with lower nutritional requirements to give them the ability to retain condition and keep breeding, irrespective of the prevailing conditions. Usually, around 279 to 287 days but most gestation is 283 days. These cattle truly live up to their optimistic name. Heifers in Autumn. Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). Currently the Droughtmaster cattle are available in some other areas outside Australia. The Droughtmaster also has more sweat glands than other breeds, and these cattle are noticeably larger. } else { From prime improved pasture in temperate regions, light native pasture in tropical regions right through to drought conditions which invariably plague many areas of Australia, the Droughtmaster is recognised as one of the leading performers. The Droughtmaster is a purpose-bred breed that is medium to large with a large block body and curved back with a hump between the shoulders and a tight/small dewlap. The temperament of all the cattle that we have bought over the years has been impeccable and the amount of information that is available about each and every one of the Vale View cattle gives you confidence in buying their genetics and is evidence of the depth of breeding in their herd. Its According to the AustAsia Group, at 90 days, a steer can maintain a medium growth rate performance on as little as 1.45 kilograms (thats just a bit more than 3 pounds) of lower-quality hay per day. From docility and adaptability, to fertility and carcase yield, Droughtmaster's natural traits underpin its wonderful reputation as an allrounder. adElemSticky.style.height = rect.height + 'px';
Drought master cattle are a tropical cattle breed which is mainly used for meat production. Since the first cross daughters generally retain all of these features, particularly calving ease they are ideal for joining to high growth rate bulls to maximise growth in terminal crosses. Recent trial results produced dressing percentages of 58% and saleable meat yields of 76%. They attention to the cattle of other ranchers around them. , with most evidence pointing to a trinity of conditions in the Droughtmaster: ticks cant hide in their short hair, the breeds sweat glands produce a repelling chemical, and their immune system responds to all manner of parasites. Edition, Mason, I.L. With the arrival of cattle ticks into North . From docility and adaptability, to fertility and carcase yield, Droughtmasters natural traits underpin its wonderful reputation as an allrounder. Join us for this free event as we step back in time to celebrate our historic Texas roots and the kick-off of the San Antonio Stock . The crossbred offspring of the humped South Asian animals were better suited for the Australian countryside than straight British breeds, though they didnt have the proportions familiar to graziers. The Droughtmaster cattle are noted for good fertility, ease of calving and very good mothering ability under harsh conditions. They are primarily raised for meat production. Their short coat is generally red in colour, although variations from golden honey to dark red can occur. Eventually, these innovative breeders arrived at a beef cow that was just about perfect for Australias inhospitable environment: the Droughtmaster. Yes, Quality: Good / High quality of meat. The Droughtmaster cattle emerged and have extremely good adaptability, can withstand varying temperatures, has a high fertility rate, is docile, parasite resistant, good meat quality and the cows calve with ease. History Droughtmaster was the name originally coined by a group of astute cattlemen in North Queensland for the breed of cattle which they developed through crossing Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds to overcome the perennial problems of drought, cattle ticks, heat, eye cancer and many other problems that reduced production and profitability. stud cattle exhibiting the poll characteristic. This structure is parasite repellent as well, due to chemicals released in the sweat. if (rect.top <= 0) { All Rights Reserved | No part of this site may be reproduced without permission. Below average temperatures in the dead of winter? It is a beef breed, and is reared particularly in areas with a high incidence of drought, heat, tick-borne disease and sun damage.[7]. [3]:171[4]. The deeply recessed or hooded eye of the Droughtmaster minimises damage from bumping and spiking, and provides some protection from crawling and biting insects, as well as reducing the occurrence of eye cancers, blight and pinkeye.The ability to adapt to adverse environments has given Droughtmasters a well-justified reputation for hardiness. In some cases, the Droughtmaster has been introduced to reduce eye disorders. The Droughtmaster is an Australian breed of beef cattle. Droughtmaster Cattle, developed specifically for Northern Australias arid climate, have proved to be a miraculous advancement, adapting to poor conditions in countries worldwide! Marley - 438kg & Speckle Park bull calf . They have good body length, a sleek coat, and a reputation for reasonable fertility, ease of calving and good mothering ability under harsh conditions. Lower production costs and greater producer profits are part of the Droughtmaster DNA. } else { Due May/June 2023. They produce plenty of milk and the fast growing calves have high weaning weights. Their humps are moderate and their flesh, though loose, fits well. The breed possesses a rare combination of traits including adaptability to harsh conditions and varied geographies. Droughtmasters are either polled or horned with the majority of MILKING ABILITYDroughtmasters are known for their high milk production, helping to calves to thrive under favourable conditions. Consistently outgrowing most other breeds when nutrition is restricted, they perform as well as most breeds in feedlots or on high quality pasture. The breed has a few other traits that add up to a remarkable digestive efficiency, too, including a small first stomach, an ability to recycle nutrients and a slow protein turnover rate. Dry, hot summer? Your email address will not be published. Originally developed to handle the extreme heat, humidity and parasites of North Queensland, the breed is providing itself an above average performer in all conditions. A breed society, the Droughtmaster Stud Breeders' Society, was formed, and a herd-book was started. Novice to intermediate Cattle farmer/keeper level, Livestock should not be left unattended around unsupervised children. Tippy - 504kg (White heifer) - $3,300 Tippy is an F1 Speckle Park/Droughtmaster heifer. Photo and info from Wikipedia. 1mo Edited. So this breed is highly suitable for the environment of tropical areas of Australia. Whats more, Droughtmaster cattle also display resistance to internal parasites, eliminating the need for expensive vaccines, cumbersome rotational grazing schedules and treatment plans. Droughtmaster Cattle will continue to reproduce even under harsh or adverse conditions. . Experience has also shown that Droughtmasters have strong prepotency. Their genetics are stabilized at 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus. Droughtmaster cattle are a beef cattle breed. These cattle does not require proper space to be kept, these can graze in pastures and know how to utilize their space to enhance their weight and health. Droughtmasters are either polled or horned with the majority of stud cattle exhibiting the poll characteristic. As their name so boldly states, Droughtmaster Cattle are built for drought survival. The cattle became extremely popular and are now the second largest breed in Northern Australia. adElem.style.position = ''; Calves and can be used for drinking and other dairy products. With its genetic base of Shorthorn and Devon, the Droughtmaster is well regarded for its high yielding carcasses of quality beef. With Shorthorn in its background, marbling performance is among the highest of the Bos indicus derived breeds producing high quality, tender beef that grades well under the current MSA Cuts Based Grading System. Make Some Miso Noodle Soup With A Soft Egg! Despite all these advantages, the animal is still excellent for beef production, yielding a carcase with a high percentage of well-marbled, good-colored meat. The Droughtmaster also has more sweat glands than other breeds, and these cattle are noticeably larger. He says the Droughtmaster has become such a popular breed in South Africa within a short period of time because of its exceptional temperament and its ability to adapt to various climatic conditions. Congratulations to Jembrae Droughtmasters who topped the PTIC section at $4,500 to average $4,300 overall. Drought master breed has more advantages than disadvantages. She was born 9/02/2021. Optimum growth under a range of variable conditions is a major benefit offered by the Droughtmaster. Droughtmasters exhibit medium to slightly late maturity in carcass development. She has been running with a Speckle Park bull. droughtmaster.com.au 61 64 1 CONTACTS DROUGHTMASTER STUD BREEDERS' SOCIETY ACN 010 129 683 40 Thorn Street | Ipswich, QLD 4305 Phone: 07 3281 0056 Email: office@droughtmaster.com.au Front. Astute northern cattlemen set about crossing the hardy red Zebu cattle, a Bos indicus breed, with traditional British breeds, like the Shorthorn, early last century. They can finish off fields that other cattle could not digest and are not susceptible to bloat. Bulls should never be underestimated and always be treated with caution. CALVING EASEThe inherited Bos Indicus traits of pelvic structure, calf shape and low birth weight make for very easy calving, which can be used to great advantage in crossbreeding programs using high-growth sires. Phone Don McHardy on 082 338 5800. COWSADAPTABILITYExcellent walking and foraging abilities coupled with lower nutritional requirements give Droughtmaster cattle the ability to retain condition and keep cycling and breeding, irrespective of prevailing conditions. They have red pigmentation which helps them to protect them from cancer eye, sunburnt udders and photosensitisation. } All rights reserved. Hydroelectricity is responsible for 19% of the world's energy supply, offering over 3000 terawatts each year. He carefully bred up his cattle over the years while others with Brahmans in a breeding program. Video USEFUL LINKS Purebred Dairy Cattle Association American Dairy Association National Association of Animal Breeders adElem.style.opacity = '0'; Their ears are medium to large in size. The Droughtmaster bull passes on these dominant traits to his progeny in a crossbreeding program. to dark red occur. They have easy calvings and rarely need assistance. if ((_footer && _footer.getBoundingClientRect().top < 500)) { Just starting to spring. Droughtmaster cattle are medium to large animals and are usually red in color, with variations from a honey color to dark red. Please keep up with us on socials and through our Rodeo Insider email for the most up to date Western Heritage information! But things only got worse in the mid 1890s. Atkinson. They are considered a middle of the road breed with fat cover at optimum levels. Calving ease makes Droughtmaster cows very suitable for crossing with high growth sires, and Droughtmaster bulls pass on the important characteristics of calf shape and low birth weights when used with other breeds. Instinctive foraging abilities and adaptability, as well as parasite and disease resistance combine with the genetic strength of its Bos Indicus heritage to make it low touch and economical to manage. They do very well on extremely poor graze in dry, hot conditions, and are parasite resistant to boot! Drought master cattle breed has advantages like these cattle are free from ticks and are resistant to them. Cows that are carrying bull calfs their gestation period is usually a little longer than cows that are carrying heifer calves. The pioneers for this cattle breed wanted to establish a line of cattle that would be able to tolerate the rigors of northern Handbook of Australian Livestock, Australian Meat & Livestock Corporation, 1989, 3rd The Droughtmaster's unique blend of characteristics have been recognised by astute cattlemen elsewhere in the world, and since the 1970's registered Droughtmaster livestock, semen & embryos have been exported to countries throughout Asia, Africa, the middle East, Latin America and the Pacific. The cattle may be either horned or polled; the majority are polled and exhibit only a moderate hump. Drought master cattle breed has advantages like these cattle are free from ticks and are resistant to them. Increased number and size of sweat glands; Chemicals in sweat glands provide a repellent action; Immune response to internal and external parasites. Their heat and tick tolerance, excellent This early start to breeding, plus their ability to adapt to the environment, give them an enviable reputation for longevity. Droughtmaster Cattle are not susceptible to sunburns, pinkeye, blight, cancer eye, internal or external parasites, heat stroke, foot problems, predation or dehydration! Droughtmasters are either polled or horned with the majority of stud cattle exhibiting the poll characteristic. C.A.B International. Much of the development was done by one breeder, R.L. Calving ease makes Droughtmaster cows very suitable for crossing with high growth sires, and Droughtmaster bulls pass on the important characteristics of calf shape and low birth weights when used with other breeds. Apart from being concerned for their own personal safety, they were well aware that cattle with a bad attitude usually don't like to be mustered and so don't get to the marketplace - a major economic disadvantage. Droughtmasters are medium to large cattle with medium maturity. [4], The Droughtmaster was developed from about 1915 in North Queensland by crossing zebuine cattle with cattle of British origin, principally the Beef Shorthorn. }; Droughtmaster offers true multi market suitability for both domestic and international segments and, importantly, its cuts also provide terrific value to foodservice and retail customers. adElem.style.display = 'block'; In a recent Queensland trial, Droughtmasters returned dressing percentages of 58% and saleable meat yields of 76%. After many years of selection evolved a highly adaptable, productive, fertile and docile breed in the Droughtmaster. Parasite resistance comes through: Most beef production areas of the world suffer a nutrient deficit at some stage, and in some cases the deficit is virtually constant. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Recently, they have been exported to tropical and semi-arid underdeveloped countries like Western Samoa, due to their low-input, low-maintenance, high-yield beef production abilities. Droughtmaster Cattle are moderately late in maturing for slaughter, and are usually taken at one to two years of age. MOTHERING ABILITYThe breeds maternal instincts are strong. VIRILITY & DOCILITYSelection for docility and high libido by the pioneer breeders, has given the Droughtmaster a reputation as a potent and active performer. Naturally, the purebred Droughtmaster female is also ideal for use in this fashion. Their dressing percentage results are around 58% with 76% saleable meat yields. Favorite Jung & Johnnys Seeds For Your 2023 Garden, Winter Sowing The Spring Vegetable Garden. EATS WELL PROFIT IN THE PADDOCK Droughtmaster Cattle have a unique phenotype, which allows them to survive the heat. When cattle ticks arrived in North Queensland, Australia, in the late 1800s, cattle farmers (known as graziers Down Under) knew theyd need to adapt to protect their livelihoods of keeping British cattle. As the name implies, the Droughtmaster thrives in conditions that would undo other breeds. Our 2023 Western Heritage Parade will take place on February 4, 2023. Starting in the 1930s, he joined them to Shorthorn and Shorthorn-Devon cross cows. Required fields are marked *. They have very good heat tolerance ability, and are well adapted to the local and harsh environment. This breed has very good resistance against tick. Their Shorthorn background also sees them demonstrating excellent marbling which further enhances their value. The subsequent F1 females are renowned as efficient dams, very suitable for joining to high growth sires. adElem.style.width = (rect.width) + 'px'; 35 Best Cattle Breeds for Milk Dairy Cattle, 47 Best Cattle Breeds for Meat Beef Cattle. Jim Bendon/Flickr. Their carcass yields are high and the quality lean meat is tender. Droughtmaster cattle are produced specifically as beef cattle. Excellent milking ability, digestive efficiency, low nutritional requirements, feed conversion efficiency, walking ability and foraging ability combine to make the Droughtmaster an outstanding performer. "Lasseter" Lot 94. Easy calving eliminates the need for human intervention, thus reducing time and management costs. The unique colour pattern impressed her and she subsequently bought the heifer from her dad. Currently the Droughtmaster cattle are available throughout the mainland states, with the largest numbers are available between Cape York and the New South Wales border. Droughtmaster Australia. A low-maintenance digestive system, unique to Bos Indicus derived breeds, contributes to the Droughtmasters reputation for super-efficient feed conversion, which provides a large economic advantage. On poor graze, Droughtmaster Cattle produce remarkably good muscling. A Droughtmaster premium was on display at the weekend's Clarence Valley Select Breeder Sale, NSW. They are fertile and have mostly easy births with little to no problems. Denene hails from a sugar cane farm in Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal, but after school she relocated to the Cape Winelands to study, for many years, at the University of Stellenbosch. Tick is an insect which usually causes itching in the fur. Droughtmaster are not bloat prone due to their small first stomach and ability to absorb nitrogen. Most Cattle produce milk but not all of them are used in the dairy Cattle capacity for their milk. So in drought conditions, when healthy native grass is in short supply, the Droughtmaster can thrive because it never needed a lot to eat anyway. adElem.style.width = ''; adElem.style.top = ''; Tick resistance in cattle is still an area for study, with most evidence pointing to a trinity of conditions in the Droughtmaster: ticks cant hide in their short hair, the breeds sweat glands produce a repelling chemical, and their immune system responds to all manner of parasites. Copyright 2020 Droughtmaster. fertility, ease of calving and quiet temperament give this breed a good reputation. This combination fits the axiom cows for your country bulls for your market. Droughtmaster cows are attentive to their calves and care for them in adverse conditions. It might be time to pump some water out of the pond to keep the market garden going. The severe drought still raged in 1926, when one R L (Monty) Atkinson set himself to the task of creating a tropical breed that yielded meat more like British cattle. Their characteristics obtained from selective breeding has the Droughtmaster primarily raised for meat production in areas prone to drought, excessive heat, tick-borne diseases, and risk of sun damage, as they have a natural resistance to these harsher conditions. although they are found mainly in Queensland. They went to great lengths to retain the Bos indicus pelvic angulation which is designed for quick and easy calving, just like wild animals which would lose their offspring to predators if they had a slow and different birth due to bad pelvic angulation. The Brangus breed was developed to utilize the superior traits of Angus and Brahman cattle. Your email address will not be published. And the breed is able to utilize the environment and the pastures in the most efficient manner to gain higher weight and good fertility. Drought master cattle breed can easily adjust in the environment and knows how to utilize the environment as well as pastures in the most effective way. var adElem = document.getElementById('vi-ad');
The breed is optimized to tolerate heat, toono small benefit considering the energy waste caused by heat stress. The crossbred offspring of the humped South Asian animals were better suited for the Australian countryside than straight British breeds, though they didnt have the proportions familiar to graziers. The Federation Drought (the worst since European settlement, according to the National Museum of Australia), combined with massive overfarming to leave the land arid, bare and unaccommodating to cattle breeds such as Shorthorns and Herefords. They have a great marbling performance that is among the highest of the Bos indicus derived breed. 147 followers. They Droughtmaster cattle have an excellent dressing percentage and high saleable meat yields. droughtmaster bull Clear all. They have a good milk yield and are easily bred. Droughtmasters are also noted for their well muscled carcasses with optimum fat cover; give Droughtmasters excellent dressing percentages and high saleable meat yields. Read more information about the breed below. LONGEVITYEarly maturity, structural soundness and a naturally active constitution can mean a longer working life, thereby reducing bull replacement costs. They are excellent foragers and have high resistance to bloat and tick. adElemSticky.style.width = rect.width + 'px';
Curators at the Melbourne Zoo loaned three Zebu bulls, the countrys first imported. Jason and Geraldine Barnard 205 Beneckes Road, MONTO Q 4630 M: 0409 267 474 0409 358 508 E: gjpastoral . The breed is basically red in color, although variations from a golden honey color Dressing percentage is high. Rigorous genetic selection has seen major advances in breed eating quality to exceed evolving consumer demands and stringent MSA and Euro requirements. They are excellent foragers and have high resistance to bloat and tick. Droughtmaster Cattle are very docile, even the bulls! The red pigmentation in Droughtmasters helps protect the cattle from cancer eye, sunburnt udders and photosensitisation. Pregnant cattle retain the ability to walk long distances to food or water and yet birth healthy calves. Milk and the PH levels acceptable short, sleek coats may be reproduced without permission good mothering under... Are noted for good quality beef have mostly easy births with little to problems... S Clarence Valley Select breeder Sale, NSW cross cows are happy with it 3,300... In color, with variations from a honey color dressing percentage is high Speckle! Well adapted to the cattle may be reproduced without permission action ; immune response to internal and external parasites highest. With fat cover ; give droughtmasters excellent dressing percentage and high saleable meat.... Always be treated with caution ( ( _footer & & _footer.getBoundingClientRect ( )

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