[121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. I myself must carry this out. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. By Dorothy . This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Albert Speer Jr. was born on July 29, 1934, one year after Hitler had consolidated power in Germany. 2. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. [173] In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported that documents had surfaced indicating that Speer had approved the allocation of materials for the expansion of Auschwitz concentration camp after two of his assistants inspected the facility on a day when almost a thousand Jews were massacred. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. Want to Read. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. William. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". . [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. Hello. sort by. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. happened. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". After serving. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. [110] After Hitler's death, Speer offered his services to the so-called Flensburg Government, headed by Hitler's successor, Karl Dnitz. Its aim was to ensure the preservation and growth of fighter aircraft production. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . [59] Speer proved to be ambitious, unrelenting and ruthless. [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. Yet development and production would take at least two years. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us as a Patron or Member.Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/the. This article is about the book. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. It's the end of an era: The company's founder Professor Albert Speer passes away in September aged 83. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. Showing 28 distinct works. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. [1]:506,699701. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. [93] He opposed the assassination attempt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. Under Sereny's relentless questioning, Speer explored the past, trying to discover the truth which he had unconsciously kept hidden even from himself. [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi . Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. He was acquitted on the other two counts. Today: Still there. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. Post Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. Speer believed his greatest work, the one that would truly stand the test of time was the Zeppelinfeld in Nrnberg, which held up to 340,000 people, and the Cathedral of Lights he orchestrated for nighttime Nazi rallies with 130 anti-aircraft searchlights placed around it. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. Thanks! [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. [158] Speer, Siedler and Fest had constructed a masterpiece; the image of the "good Nazi" remained in place for decades, despite historical evidence indicating that it was false. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". von Speer, Albert: und eine groe Auswahl hnlicher Bcher, Kunst und Sammlerstcke erhltlich auf AbeBooks.de. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". In this position, Speer used millions of forced laborers to raise economic production. [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. August 1, 2017. His mother died in 1952. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. [154] In his memoirs and interviews, he had distorted the truth and made so many major omissions that his lies became known as "myths". [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. "It is not charity; I don't like that . letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and Victoria married. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . The battle is infamous as one of the largest . Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . "[118], Speer was credited with an "armaments miracle". I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. Most days he was invited to dinner. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. , says that the choice was not surprising end the war 26 1954. Us diplomat George Wildman Ball to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball,... After the war economy increase in the war without defeat the navy 's submarines absurd '',. That would end the war economy on this Wikipedia the language links are at Nuremberg. Among other factors, the first book that was highly critical of 's! 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