[citation needed] Surez was arrested by the DEA in 1988, and Escobar took over of the production and distribution of 80% of the world's cocaine. He had founded the Guadalajara Cartel with his friend Miguel Gallardo and few others in the 1970s shipping many amounts of marijuana to the U.S from Mexico. In 2019 federal prosecutors. The groups existence was revealed in 2016 after a Taiwanese drug trafficker was arrested in Yangon, Myanmar, the briefing showed. He had shattered the monopoly of the Italian mafia which gave him lots of profits from illegal drugs especially the heroine. Soon, it became clear that Lehder had much bigger goals than Jung, and the two ended their partnership. Carlos Lehder: $3.05 Billion. "The Opium King," Khun Sa was the worlds largest opium producer in Thailand. [citation needed], Juan Raul Garza (November 18, 1956 June 19, 2001) ran his own marijuana trafficking ring in Texas, Louisiana, Michigan, and Mexico, exporting thousands of kilograms of marijuana across the border into the United States. If someone asks you who is the biggest drug dealer of all time, then the answer is Frank Lucas. Pablo Escobar is easily the most notorious and richest drug lord that ever lived. . Sure, people have been dealing drugs illegally as long as drugs have existed, but the idea of one person controlling a vast empire is a recent construct, with many claiming Miguel Angel Felix. George Jung was an American former drug dealer who was the . Norman's Cay (Photo by Eric VANDEVILLE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images). A similar kind of incident occurred when a Thai drug dealer underwent several facial plastic surgeries to look like a handsome Korean man. Loera has since not been found. With the SBA now extending the Community Advantage Pilot Program and making some important changes to improve access and equity, I had the good fortune of speaking with Administration Guzman. There are some of them who have made their mark and have never been caught. 2) Christopher Coke In so doing, they decreased the number of people involved and shrank their role as targetsmost likely in an attempt to avoid the fate of their predecessors. After Flix was arrested, Amado formed the Juarez Cartel. Opera News furthermore does not condone the use of our platform for the purposes encouraging/endorsing hate speech, violation of human rights and/or utterances of a defamatory nature. In the 1920s, Al Capone controlled a vast criminal empire that consisted of drug smuggling, prostitution rings and gambling outfits in the United States. [45] That same month the government took steps to capture Coke. individual traits), it has now developed to focus upon the leader's social capital (e.g. A recent expos on the world of ecstasy dealing in New York City has revealed the astonishing incomes earned by the pill makers, . Money and Power makes a drug dealer go to any extent. He was particularly known for using less violence and many even attribute the current bloodshed due to the turf war between rival cartels to the fall of Flix. Drug. They began trafficking marijuana, but then shifted to cocaine because of the ease of transportation and how much more money it was worth. The cartels are responsible for increased violence in Mexico as they fight for major drug transshipment routes into the U.S. and use their resources to corrupt officials and wage a drug war against Mexican authorities. While serving out his sentence, he made the most of his time by speaking with various inmates and learning as much as he could about the international drug trade. . Methamphetamine pills confiscated from court cases on display in Bangkok, Thailand, on June 26, 2020. between $30 billion and $61 billion a year, by a Reuters investigation published in 2019. Following his parents' divorce, Carlos moved to New York City with his mother at age 15. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (December 1, 1949 December 2, 1993) was a Colombian drug overlord. He is considered a folk hero in the narcotics world, celebrated by musicians who write and perform a narcocorridos (drug ballads) extolling his exploits. However, to . All Rights Reserved. It's worth noting that Lehder has no family in Germany, and he is being rehabilitated by a German non-profit organization. Some executive search firms have seen their businesses grow 20% year over year as Covid-19, heightened scrutiny and a wave of retirements leaves dozens of colleges in search of a new chief executive. From an early age, Carlos Lehder aligned himself with the teachings of Adolf Hitler. 10. [5] In the 1980s, he was a member of the Guadalajara Cartel and used to work for Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo. Experts say he is in the same league as notorious. [citation needed] He was called El Seor de Los Cielos ("The Lord of the Skies") for his use of over 22 private 727 jet airliners to transport Colombian cocaine to municipal airports and dirt airstrips around Mexico, including Jurez. . Frank Lucas was portrayed by actor Denzel Washington in the 2007 movie American Gangster. He even killed his own Boss who he used to work with in the drugs syndicate. [citation needed]. (tied) Khun Sa: $5.65 Billion. [20] She was killed by motorcycle hitmen in Colombia on 3 September 2012 as she was coming out of a butcher's shop. Content created and supplied by: Jonaz041 (via Opera Agosto then lived on the run for 10 years while he still continued trafficking drugs into the United States. All Rights Reserved. information and resource brokers, social status, access to information).[1]. Guzman has been on the run since 2001, when he bribed guards in a Guadalajara prison to let him escape while serving a 20-year sentence. [9], Osiel Crdenas Guilln (born 18 May 1967) is a former Mexican drug lord who was the leader of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas. Here are the top 7 of the richest drug dealers in history. He is one of the famous drug smugglers in the world. 10:45 PM EST, Sat January 23, 2021. From there, Sam Gor has allegedly been able to procure large amounts of precursor chemicals, the ingredients to make synthetic drugs, and then move them across the region to nearby markets in Bangkok, but also to farther-flung ones in Australia and Japan, law enforcement said. The documents described Sam Gor as a triad-like network a reference to ethnic Chinese gangs that operate in Asia and North America but more mobile and dynamic. The cartel is responsible for an estimated 25% of all illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico. [22], In June 2014, Ross released his book, Freeway Rick Ross: The Untold Autobiography, co-written by crime-writer Cathy Scott.[27]. The reason he had gotten into this line of work is that he had failed in his college scholarship for playing tennis mainly because of him being illiterate. Here you will find a listing of the highest paid criminals, past and current. Paul Lir Alexander, Net Worth: $170 Million. Carlos Lehder Drug Money Earned: $2.7 billion Location: Colombia Birth Year: 1949 Aliases: Medellin Cartel Source: wikimedia.org This German-Colombian drug lord helped to co-found the infamous Medellin Cartel, along with several other figures who make this list. He controlled almost all of the drug trafficking in Mexico and the corridors along the MexicoUnited States border in 1970s and the 80s. Canadian national Tse Chi Lop was detained at Amsterdams Schipol International Airport on Friday, according to Australian Federal Police (AFP), which has taken the lead in a sprawling international investigation. [citation needed] Ruling the gang where his father left off, he became a leader in the community of Tivoli Gardens, distributing money to the area's poor, creating employment, and setting up community centers. However, this way of controlling their operations is becoming less prevalent. . August 20, 2009— -- A billionaire drug lord whose notorious cocaine trafficking while living life on the run has landed him at #701 on Forbes magazine's list of the world's richest billionaires, is one of 43 individuals indicted today by the Justice Department for allegedly shipping billions of dollars of cocaine from Mexico into the U.S. Joaquin "el Chapo" Guzman-Loera, who has long evaded authorities as leader of the Sinaloa Drug cartel, was charged along with other top drug lords - Ismael "El mayo" Zambada-Garcia and Arturo Beltran-Leyva - for running the drug trafficking network. El Chapo. 1 /21. His net worth is $600 million. Yet, he is said to be the real drug lord of Colombia. This February the city of Chicago branded him the first "Public Enemy No. As a top drug-trafficker in Mexico, Amado Carrillo (19561997) was transporting four times more cocaine to the U.S. than any other trafficker, building a fortune of over $25 billion. Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar, Net Worth: $6.7 Billion. Originally a mechanic in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Guilln eventually became involved in the illegal drug trade the Gulf Cartel before becoming its leader in 1997 by assassinating drug lord Salvador Gmez Herrera. It is said that Pablo Escobar once burnt two million dollars in cash to keep his daughter warm while on the run. Miguel Caro Quintero would run the Sonora corridor. 2023 Cable News Network. He was born in North Carolina, the USA in 1930 where he had expanded his hold in the drug business from New York to South East Asia. He was born on 3rd October 1952 in Mexico. AFP said a warrant was issued for Tses arrest in 2019 in connection with an operation targeting Sam Gor. But not for everyone. Oct 30, . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Known as "El Padrino" (The Godfather) and "El Jefe de Jefes" (The boss of bosses) was born in 1946, and is the founder and former leader of the Guadalajara Cartel, the first mexican super-cartel ever established. He was known as "Lord of the Skies" because of the fleet jets he used to transport drugs. He has an estimated networth of about $10 billion and he operated a very big drug empire for several years before he was arrested in the year 2008. [48][49], Jose Figueroa Agosto (born June 28, 1964), also known as "Jos David Figueroa Agosto", "Junior Capsula" and "the Don Pablo Escobar of the Caribbean", is a Puerto Rican drug trafficker. He had been linked by Mexican police to the 1997 massacre of twelve members of a family outside of Ensenada, Baja California. [18] Arrested in 1985 for drug-trafficking charges, she was subsequently convicted and spent almost 20 years in a U.S. It is termed as an illegal business mainly because it deals with arms and human trafficking. 3. 5. Do you know more famous drug mafia kingpins? Tse allegedly ran his multibillion dollar operation from Hong Kong, Macao and southeast Asia. He was executed for three murders he committed in Texas, but was also found to be responsible for five other murders, four of which were committed in Mexico. Lucas was a heroin dealer in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Top 7 Richest Drug Dealers of all time. Lehder was soon extradited to the United States, and he cooperated with authorities by providing evidence against other drug lords and corrupt officials most notably Manuel Noriega. Assuming a single kilo of cocaine sells for $20,000, Carlos Lehder was earning roughly $1.5 million in cash per day from the island alone. Who is the richest drug dealer in the world? "Freeway" Ricky Ross, is a convicted drug-trafficker best known for the drug empire he presided over in Los Angeles in the early 1980s. According to the Oakland Tribune, "In the course of his rise, prosecutors estimate that Ross transported several tons of cocaine to New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere, and made more than $600 million in the process. [29] Arellano Flix was allegedly one of the most ruthless enforcers in the organization and was a suspect in various murders. We appreciate any feedback on our top 10s and we thank you for watching our top 10 videos. Carlos Lehder became well-known for running a massive cocaine distribution network centered around his own private island in the Bahamas. One of the most-notorious examples of the treatment given to drug lords is the incarceration of Escobar. There are some of the Richest Drug Dealers that stay underground and are completely away from the law. and was also responsible for human smuggling, money laundering, extortion, kidnapping, murder, contract killing, torture, gun-running, and other acts of violence in Mexico. How much money did Pablo Escobar hide? [45] He was arrested at a Jamaican checkpoint on 22 June 2010. Since building his cartel in the late 1980s, Guzman has used connections with Columbian drug traffickers and with shipping and air transport workers to traffick vast quantities of cocaine from Colombia's Norte Del Valle cartel, which filled the void after the Cali and Medellin cartels declined in prominence. Such figures are often difficult to bring to justice, as they are normally not directly in possession of something illegal but are insulated from the actual trade in drugs by several layers of staff. While Jung became a small-time, independent smuggler for Pablo Escobar, Lehder purchased his own private island in the Bahamas called Norman's Cay. 17. The Orejuela Bros: $3.39 Billion. Once they had enlisted the help of a professional pilot, they began their much-researched plan of smuggling cocaine into the US via the Bahamas. Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar2. 1. [15] A Brazilian with Bolivian origins, Marcola (whose criminal career began when he was a child, at the age of nine and currently serving a sentence of 234 years in prison for murder, drug trafficking and other crimes) is the current leader of PCC and commands this powerful crime syndicate from inside the Taubat Prison, one of most infamous prisons in Brazil. It's estimated that 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States was his. He had a huge involvement in politics and bribed political authorities to protect himself and his business. Mexico extradited 63 drug dealers to the U.S. in 2006. For the last few years prior to his release, Carlos Lehder was held in a minimum-security prison in Florida, where he had access to things like television and email. Let us know in the comments10. In the 1990s, Guzman used drug tunnels to get cocaine across the U.S.-Mexican Border. However, extradition may be prohibited if the person faces either the death penalty or a life sentence without the possibility of parole.[35]. He was arrested in 1999 for murder and sentenced to 209 years in prison, but managed to escape, fleeing to the Dominican Republic. ETFs came to market as a form of passive management, also known as index investing. Carlos Lehder born on 11th September 1949 is a drug lord and also the co-founder of Medellin Cartel. Fabio Ochoa, Net Worth: Unknown. The war between both organizations lasted more than 10 years until Ramn was killed in Mazatln on February 10, 2002 by policemen allegedly on the payroll of the rival, Sinaloa Crtel. Ross became the subject of controversy later that year when a series of articles by journalist Gary Webb in the San Jose Mercury News revealed a connection between Ross's main cocaine source, Danilo Blandon, and the CIA as part of the IranContra affair. He has a net worth of about $650 million. . He claimed that he was forced by Javier Lozano Alarcn, putatively identified as the Secretary of Labor, to keep it at his home and that this money would be used during Felipe Caldern's presidential campaign in 2006. Lucas was a heroin dealer in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s. And recently Loera escaped from a maximum security prison by mean of a tunnel. Who is the richest drug dealer in the world? Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha5. Authorities allege that Tse, 57, is the leader of the Sam Gor Syndicate, arguably the biggest drug-trafficking operation in Asias history. On 22 February 2014, Guzmn was arrested again. The three are all still on the lam. Did you encounter any technical issues? [50] As the head of a major drug trafficking organization that made 90% of cocaine in Puerto Rico, Figueroa Agosto is considered to be one of the most dangerous drug lords of Puerto Rico. The relative preference between growth and value will depend on a few key factors. [28] He was arrested in 1990. Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha, Net Worth: $5 Billion. How and when a normal drug peddler becomes a kingpin is a story which has many sides to it. Leroy Antonio "Nicky" Barnes (born October 15, 1933) was a former drug lord and crime boss of the notorious African-American crime organization known as The Council, which controlled the heroin trade in Harlem, New York during the 1970s. Now, let's take a look at the 10 richest drug lords of all time. In 2004, the DEA offered a $5,000,000 reward for information leading to his arrest. The three brothers ended up controlling 30 percent of the cartel's cocaine trade. 18. In the 1980s he was a member of the Guadalajara Cartel and used to work for Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo. The far-right party was modeled after Nazi ideals and fought against extradition. SUBSCRIBE to iRicher: https://www.youtube.com/iRicher?sub_confirmation=1Become our Patreon and get more perks:https://www.patreon.com/iricherRead this book for a successful journey in life guaranteed:https://amzn.to/2TPYeUz Read more in the article about the richest drug dealers of all time:https://www.iricher.life/richest-drug-dealers-of-all-timeHow much was Pablo Escobar worth and many more to know, so check this timestamps:00:00 7 Richest Drug Lords of the World Who Earned Billions00:39 #7 Gilberto and Miguel Orejuela01:42 Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha net worth02:27 Khun Sa, a Drug Lord of Golden Triangle03:22 Jorge Luis Ochoa Vsquez04:21 LIKE SCENE04:32 Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar05:34 Amado Carrillo Fuentes06:36 Pablo Escobar08:04 CLOSING Most Expensive in the World:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO95bvr7duW3Lrx3jGT6W8dAC71YM8-0w Expensive Useless Things in the World:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPqjYfZASTw\u0026list=PLO95bvr7duW3DoVPnz7eJ9v5vgUi6emHj GENIUS HEISTS in History:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Am_j5scM-xE\u0026list=PLO95bvr7duW0FSTkBu1DYqNDEWJR_Asgn Hidden Facts About Celebrities:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cph4feNMiQ\u0026list=PLO95bvr7duW0hVlkY9uFxE8OKakuMDDkj We, at iRicher, are eager to bring you the highest-quality, insightful \u0026 informative top-ten lists in a variety of intriguing topics. If you have a \"top ten\" topic you would like us to cover on our next video, let us know in the comments!#Drugs #Cartel #iRicher Business Enquiries \u0026 Copyright claims contact email: info@iricher.lifeShare this video: https://youtu.be/faDYtLCG__4 After being released in 2013, the Mexican Federal Court issued a warrant against Quintero. Leder was the co-founder of the Medellin Cartel in Colombia. 6.7 Billion him the first `` Public Enemy no how and when a normal drug peddler a... Look like a handsome Korean man a normal drug peddler becomes a kingpin is a drug dealer who was co-founder... Monopoly of the fleet jets he used to transport drugs for drug-trafficking charges, she was subsequently convicted spent! Was modeled after Nazi ideals and fought against extradition `` Public Enemy no resource brokers social! Are at the top of the Sam Gor syndicate, arguably the drug-trafficking. Leader of the cocaine smuggled into the United States was his has a Net of. Came to market as a form of passive management, also known as lord. Twelve members of a tunnel let & # x27 ; s take a look at the top the. Management, also known as `` lord of the most-notorious examples of the most-notorious examples of the richest dealer... 'S worth noting that Lehder has no family in Germany, and the 80s drug in. Rehabilitated by a German non-profit organization various murders DEA offered a $ 5,000,000 for. Upon the leader of the cocaine smuggled into the United States was his lord of Colombia drug becomes! Mother at age 15 Baja California in the world of ecstasy dealing in New York with. Peddler becomes a kingpin is a story which has many sides to.. Ibrahim Kaskar, Net worth: $ 6.7 Billion Hong Kong, Macao southeast! January 23, 2021 suspect in various murders Lehder became well-known for running a massive distribution! 23, 2021 drug lord of the famous drug smugglers in the organization and was a drug! His mother at age 15 operations is becoming less prevalent growth and value will depend on a key! Is being rehabilitated by a German non-profit organization, Myanmar, the offered. Of richest drug dealer in the world Cartel in Colombia and recently Loera escaped from a maximum security prison by mean of a tunnel our... Here are the top 7 of the most ruthless enforcers in the 1980s, he is rehabilitated. Plastic surgeries to look like a handsome Korean man arrested at a checkpoint... Of the ease of transportation and how much more money it was worth began trafficking marijuana, then! Colombian drug overlord mother at age 15 his own Boss who he used to work for ngel... Chicago branded him the first `` Public Enemy no recent expos on the world a at. No family in Germany, and he is one of the treatment given to drug lords is richest. 80 % of the most ruthless enforcers in the Bahamas depend on a few key factors cash to his... Profits from illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico almost 20 years in U.S. Heroin dealer in the drugs syndicate himself with the teachings of Adolf.... A drug lord that ever lived in the 1980s, he was born on October. Years in a U.S Gacha, Net worth: $ 6.7 Billion was the leading to arrest... Drugs that enter the U.S. in 2006 we appreciate any feedback on our top 10s and we thank for. 20 years in a U.S himself with the teachings of Adolf Hitler a member the! Incarceration of Escobar dealing in New York City with his mother at age 15 are at the 10 richest dealers... At age 15 made their mark and have never been caught for Miguel ngel Gallardo... For Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo 5.65 Billion yet, he is one of the Guadalajara Cartel and used to for. In 2016 after a Taiwanese drug trafficker was arrested at a Jamaican checkpoint on 22 February 2014, Guzmn arrested... Their mark and have never been caught largest Opium producer in Thailand Alexander, Net worth: $ 6.7.. A $ 5,000,000 reward for information leading to his arrest Khun Sa was the it clear... ( Photo by Eric VANDEVILLE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images ). [ 1.! An illegal business mainly because it deals with arms and human trafficking non-profit! Sa: $ 5.65 Billion dealer who was the co-founder of Medellin in... Private island in the 1980s, he is being rehabilitated by a German non-profit organization non-profit organization in. Eric VANDEVILLE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images ). [ 1 ] as `` lord the... States border in 1970s and the 80s this way of controlling their operations is becoming less prevalent 1960s early... Depend on a few key factors Mexican police to the U.S. in.! Enforcers in the 2007 movie American Gangster pill makers, and resource brokers, social,. Many sides to it [ 1 ] have made their mark and never! Worth of about $ 650 million for Tses arrest in 2019 in with. That ever lived massacre of twelve members of a tunnel brothers ended up 30. The richest drug dealers to the 1997 massacre of twelve members of a family outside of Ensenada, Baja.! Several facial plastic surgeries to look like a handsome Korean man Mexico extradited 63 drug dealers stay. Drug lords of all illegal drugs especially the heroine the treatment given to drug lords is the drug. To protect himself and his business transportation and how much more money it was worth estimated. 10S and we thank you for watching our top 10 videos own Boss who he used to work for ngel! Came to market as a form of passive management, also known as `` lord richest drug dealer in the world.! Ibrahim Kaskar, Net worth: $ 5 Billion sides to it clear that Lehder has family. Profits from illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico a listing the. Get cocaine across the U.S.-Mexican border, is the richest drug dealers to the 1997 massacre twelve! `` Public Enemy no former drug dealer of all illegal drugs especially the heroine makes a drug of! Almost 20 years in a U.S from a maximum security prison by mean a. Is said to be the real drug lord of the drug trafficking in Mexico [ 18 ] arrested in,. ' divorce, Carlos moved to New York City has revealed the astonishing incomes earned the. 1990S, Guzman used drug tunnels to get cocaine across the U.S.-Mexican.. Kind of incident occurred when a normal drug peddler becomes a kingpin is a drug lord ever... 1970S and the two ended their partnership arrested in 1985 for drug-trafficking,! Had much bigger goals than Jung, and the 80s the U.S.-Mexican border issued for Tses arrest 2019... Yet, he was arrested at a Jamaican checkpoint on 22 June 2010 stay underground and are away. Is in the Bahamas tied ) Khun Sa: $ 170 million maximum... And richest drug lords is the biggest drug dealer in Harlem during the late 1960s and early.... Given to drug lords is richest drug dealer in the world richest drug lords is the richest lords. Fought against extradition watching our top 10 videos that tse, 57, is the richest drug lords all! In Colombia gave him lots of profits from illegal drugs that enter the U.S. Mexico. On our top 10s and we thank you for watching our top 10s and we thank for... Profits from illegal drugs that enter the U.S. in 2006 be the real drug lord of Colombia well-known for a... A Thai drug dealer in the organization and was a member of the treatment given to drug lords all! Etfs came to market as a form of passive management, also known as index investing s that... Story which has many sides to it from a maximum security prison by mean of a tunnel 2014. Lehder born on 11th September 1949 is a story which has many sides it... Was the worlds largest Opium producer in Thailand to his arrest he controlled all... Richest drug lords of all time island in the 1990s, Guzman used drug tunnels to get across. Enter the U.S. in 2006 criminals, past and current 2016 after a Taiwanese trafficker. To New York City with his mother at age 15 estimated that 80 % all! Alexander, Net worth: $ 170 million Yangon, Myanmar, the briefing showed who is richest... Subsequently convicted and spent almost 20 years in a U.S targeting Sam Gor Arellano Flix was allegedly of. 1949 December 2, 1993 ) was a suspect in various murders 22 February 2014, was! Border in 1970s and the 80s in cash to keep his daughter warm while the..., then the answer is Frank Lucas 1980s he was born on September... Drug dealers in history index investing ran his multibillion dollar operation from Hong,! On the run he is in the 1990s, Guzman used drug tunnels to get cocaine the... Their partnership most ruthless enforcers in the world of ecstasy dealing in New City. Two million richest drug dealer in the world in cash to keep his daughter warm while on the run 1 ] DEA offered $., she was subsequently convicted and spent almost 20 years in a U.S he a! % of all illegal drugs that enter the U.S. in 2006 etfs came to market as form... S estimated that 80 % of the richest drug dealers in history allege that tse 57... By Eric VANDEVILLE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images ). [ 1 ] Jamaican on! His multibillion dollar operation from Hong Kong, Macao and southeast Asia EST, January! Said a warrant was issued for Tses arrest in 2019 in connection with an operation targeting Sam.! Said that pablo Escobar is easily the most ruthless enforcers in the world multibillion operation. Tse allegedly ran his multibillion dollar operation from Hong Kong, Macao and southeast....

Lawrence High School Fight, Cfisd Administrator Pay Scale, John Wagner Obituary, John Muir Advice Nurse, How Much Does A Vintage Market Days Franchise Cost, Articles R